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A closer look at the in-cheek delivery landscape

Key insights from our review article

Giving medications in a way that’s easier and more pleasant, like via the cheek, is what the BUCCAL-PEP project is all about. There is strong momentum in this research field, with many research groups now focusing on this route of delivery. Our BUCCAL-PEP team member Sahil Malhotra reviewed the in-cheek delivery research landscape in his latest review paper.

“One of the most exciting aspects we discovered is how far technology has come in finding ways to gently and effectively deliver peptide medications through the cheek. From tiny microneedles to smart patches and miniature pumps, the range of creative solutions is impressive,” Sahil comments. The review paper describes these three different delivery methods. “The idea that patients might one day manage their chronic conditions without injections – just by using a small device in the mouth – is truly encouraging.”

Challenges in the field

In analysing the different approaches in the field, several key challenges came up again and again in the literature – and these are the very ones the BUCCAL-PEP project is addressing. “For example, many devices struggle to get large peptide molecules across the cheek lining without causing irritation or damage. Another common issue is making sure these devices are practical for everyday use – meaning they need to be safe, easy to apply, and affordable,” Sahil mentions. BUCCAL-PEP is tackling these challenges head-on by focusing on gentle, patient-friendly technologies and carefully studying how these could be accepted and used in real-world healthcare settings.

The key message from his review paper is that better, more comfortable ways to take peptide medications are on the horizon. “Right now, these powerful drugs often require injections, but new device technologies could allow people to take them easily through the cheek – no needles needed. This would make treatments more pleasant, especially for those who rely on frequent dosing. It’s a step toward making medicine more human-centered – less invasive, more convenient, and potentially improving how well people stick to their treatments,” Sahil explains.

Moving forward

BUCCAL-PEP is aiming at tackling the challenges that are currently still out there when it comes to in-cheek delivery of medication. “What excites me the most about the BUCCAL-PEP project is its real-world focus,’” Sahil comments. “It’s not just about inventing new tools, but about making sure those tools are practical, safe, and something patients would actually want to use. The project brings together scientists, engineers, and patient experts to design solutions that could fit into people’s lives. It’s this blend of innovation and usability that makes the project so promising – and likely to have a real impact in the near future.”

Curious to read the full publication? Check it out here: 

Read the publication

Sahil Malhotra

Dr. Sahil Malhotra is a DevelopMed Postdoctoral Researcher at University College Dublin, Ireland.

Read the publication

Graphical abstract of the review paper

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In-cheek delivery of peptide-analogue therapies

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Funding statement

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant number 101071054. Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Innovation Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Susie Birney

Patient Advocate

Susie lives in Dublin and volunteers her time to help advocate for others who live with obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Most recently Susie was involved with Diabetes Ireland in the drafting of the “Talking about Diabetes : Language Matters” Guide. Addressing stigma for either Diabetes or Obesity which Susie has lived experience of,  is high on the list of her priorities and being involved in advisory boards is one example of how to do this by being involved throughout the research process from beginning to end.

Maura Murphy

Retired Civil Servant but currently Voluntary Secretary at ICPO the Irish Coalition for People Living with Obesity

Maura thinks it is important to treat the patient holistically. Over the years, she has been visiting several hospitals for different conditions, and these silos can be exhausting. She is passionate about learning about obesity since she discovered that it is a disease in 2019. Prior to that, her self-blame and stigma held her back. She has learned that obesity is a gateway to other diseases, and she knows this firsthand because she lives with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, Gout, Fluid Retention, and Osteoarthritis. She attends a Chronic Disease Clinic in Ballina every six months, which has thankfully eliminated the silo appointments to three different hospitals and their various departments.

Mary Frances White

Social Care Worker within the community care system/ committee & patient representative for ICPO

Mary Frances is married with one adult child. She has worked for many years as a Social Care worker within Adult services for those with intellectual disabilities. She is SAM’s trained as she dispenses medication on a daily basis (SAM’s = Safe Administering of Medication).

She is also one of the first committee members and a patient representative for an ICPO. They give talks to medical students of many disciplines regarding respect and dignity for people living with obesity. They also hold weekly support meetings and face-to-face meetings when possible. The subject of medications that are becoming available for those who are living with obesity is very topical at present.

Ken Tait

Psychotherapist & International Diabetes Advocate

As a psychotherapist, Ken helps people navigate emotional problems. As a Diabetes Advocate, he supports individuals living with diabetes and advocates for the help and support they need. He serves on many local diabetes boards and gives talks both nationally and internationally to help people and healthcare professionals understand what living with type 2 diabetes is like.

The reason that he joined BUCCAL-PEP was that he likes to keep abreast of what is happening for people with diabetes and how they can manage their diabetes Additionally, he recognizes that some people dislike needles, and this BUCCAL-PEP approach could provide an alternative to help them.

Ken Tait

Psychotherapist & International Diabetes Advocate

As a psychotherapist, Ken helps people navigate emotional problems. As a Diabetes Advocate, he supports individuals living with diabetes and advocates for the help and support they need. He serves on many local diabetes boards and gives talks both nationally and internationally to help people and healthcare professionals understand what living with type 2 diabetes is like.

The reason that he joined BUCCAL-PEP was that he likes to keep abreast of what is happening for people with diabetes and how they can manage their diabetes Additionally, he recognizes that some people dislike needles, and this BUCCAL-PEP approach could provide an alternative to help them.

Javier O. Morales, Ph.D.

Biosketch

Dr. Javier O. Morales is an Associate Professor at the University of Chile, specializing in pharmaceutical science and technology. He heads the Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY) and is an Associate Researcher in the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS). With a Ph.D. from The University of Texas at Austin, he focuses on innovative drug delivery systems, particularly for peptides, proteins, and poorly water-soluble drugs. His research explores nanoencapsulation and alternative routes of administration. Dr. Morales has a keen interest in buccal absorption and 2D/3D printing for drug delivery. He joined BUCCAL-PEP’s SAB to advance less invasive diabetes treatments and explore synergies with his own research.

Giovanni Traverso, MB, BChir, PhD

MIT and Harvard

Prof. Giovanni Traverso is the Director of the Laboratory for Translational Engineering at MIT and Harvard, an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT, an Associate Physician in Gastroenterology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and an Associate Member of the Broad Institute. He received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Cambridge and a PhD from Johns Hopkins, where he pioneered non-invasive cancer detection. His postdoctoral research at MIT focused on advanced drug delivery and gastrointestinal sensing. His current work drives next-generation drug delivery systems and ingestible devices for physiological monitoring.

Prof. Ljiljana Fruk

University of Cambridge

Prof. Ljiljana Fruk is a Professor of Bionano Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at University of Cambridge.  Her research encompasses the design and development of nanoscale materials for biomedical applications, including design of drug nanocarriers for solid tumours and biosensors for early detection of cancer. She is particularly interested in development of nature-inspired structures, and has also made significant contributions to development of hybrid bio-nano materials and their application in photocatalysis and sustainable manufacturing. She is one of the co-founders of Senesys Bio, Cambridge spinout developing therapeutic formulations for senescent cell removal. Prof Fruk is an active science popularizer, art-science curator, and the co-author of the field-establishing Molecular Aesthetics book (MIT Press 2013), and the first textbook on Bionanotechnology (Cambridge University Press 2021).

Dr. Eva Roblegg

University of Graz

Dr. Eva Roblegg is a full professor at the University of Graz, specializing in pharmaceutical technology and biopharmacy. She leads the Drug Delivery and Advanced Manufacturing group and focuses on the development of nano drug delivery systems (nanoDDS) for the treatment of oral diseases, such as oral mucositis. To better understand the relationship between nanoDDS and buccal/sublingual tissues, her group has developed in vitro cell and tissue models that mimic healthy and inflamed human oral mucosa. Eva Roblegg works closely with the Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, a center of excellence in Graz, Austria, where she is involved in advanced technologies for the continuous manufacturing and conversion of (nano-)drug delivery systems into final dosage forms. Given her research interest in this area and the opportunity to create further synergies with her own research, she has joined BUCCAL-PEP’s SAB.

Dr. Andrew Muddle

MedPharm

Dr. Andrew Muddle, founder and former CEO of MedPharm, brings over 30 years of pharmaceutical industry experience in drug delivery. He played a pivotal role in PowderJect Pharmaceuticals plc’s early development and IPO, and his career includes positions at Elan Corporation, Ethical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (U.K.), Controlled Therapeutics (Scotland), and Ciba-Geigy (now Novartis). Dr. Muddle excels in managing projects to commercialization, specializing in transdermal and topical products. He joined BUCCAL-PEP due to the challenge of oral peptide delivery.